Ukumiswa yitemu elivamile lawo wonke amadivayisi okuxhumana okudlulisa amandla phakathi kwefreyimu ne-ekseli noma amasondo.Ukudlidliza okukhiqizwa yilokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.
Isakhiwo esijwayelekile sokulengiswa siqukethe izakhi ezinwebekayo, izindlela zokuqondisa nezinqamuleli zokushaqeka, kanti ezinye izakhiwo zihlanganisa obhampa namabha okuqinisa.Izinto ezinwebekayo zihlanganisa iziphethu zamaqabunga, iziphethu zomoya, iziphethu zamakhoyili neziphethu ze-torsion bar, kuyilapho ukumiswa kwezimoto zesimanje kusebenzisa amakhoyili neziphethu ze-torsion bar, kuyilapho ezinye izimoto ezithuthukile zisebenzisa iziphethu zomoya.
Ukumiswa kuwumhlangano obalulekile emotweni, ohlanganisa ngokunwebeka uhlaka kanye nesondo, futhi kuhlobene nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene kwemoto.Ngaphandle, ukumiswa kwemoto kuyizinduku ezimbalwa nje, amashubhu neziphethu, kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi kulula kanjalo.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukumiswa kwezimoto kuwuhlobo lomhlangano wezimoto okunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphelele, ngoba ukumiswa kudinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunethezeka kwemoto nokuzinza kokusingatha, futhi lezi zici ezimbili ziphambene komunye nomunye.Isibonelo, ukuze uthole ukunethezeka okuhle, ukudlidliza kwemoto kudinga ukuncishiswa ngezinga elikhulu, ngakho-ke intwasahlobo kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ibe thambile, kepha uma intwasahlobo ithambile kakhulu, izoholela kalula "ekuvumeni" of braking, "heading up" of ukusheshisa kanye nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.Umkhuba omubi wokugingqika awuhambisani nesiteringi semoto, futhi kulula ukubangela ukuthi imoto igijime ingaqinile.
Ukumiswa kwesondo okuzimele
Isici sesakhiwo sokumiswa okungazimele ukuthi amasondo ezinhlangothini zombili axhunywe uhlaka olubalulekile, futhi amasondo nama-axle amisiwe ngaphansi kohlaka noma umzimba wemoto ngokusebenzisa ukumiswa okunwebekayo.Ukumiswa okungazimele kunezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, amandla aphezulu, ukugcinwa okulula, noshintsho oluncane ekuqondeni kwesondo langaphambili ngesikhathi sokushayela.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokunethezeka kwayo okungekuhle nokuzinza kokusingatha, ngokuyisisekelo ayisasetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje, kodwa isetshenziswa kakhulu emalolini nasemabhasini.
Ukumiswa okuzimele
Ukumiswa okuzimele kusho ukuthi amasondo nhlangothi zombili amisiwe ngokuzimele ngaphansi kohlaka noma umzimba ngokusebenzisa ukumiswa okunwebekayo.Izinzuzo zayo yilezi: isisindo esincane, ukunciphisa umthelela emzimbeni, nokuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwesondo phansi;isiphethu esithambile esinokuqina okuncane singasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwemoto;ingakwazi ukwehlisa isikhundla senjini kanye nesikhungo sokudonsela phansi kwemoto, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kokushayela kwemoto Ukuzinza;amasondo angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla agxuma ngokuzimela, anganciphisa ukutsheka nokudlidliza komzimba.Kodwa-ke, ukumiswa okuzimele kunobubi obufana nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nokulungiswa okungalungile.Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zisebenzisa ama-suspension azimele, angahlukaniswa abe yi- wishbone, trailing arm, multi-link, ikhandlela kanye ne-McPherson suspensions ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukene.
Ukumiswa kwe-Wishbone
Ukumiswa kwe-cross-arm kubhekisela ekumisweni okuzimele lapho amasondo ejika khona endizeni ephambanayo yemoto.Ingahlukaniswa ngokumiswa kwengalo ephindwe kabili kanye nokumiswa kwengalo eyodwa ngokuya ngenani lezingalo eziphambanayo.
Isakhiwo se-fishbone eyodwa silula, isikhungo se-roll siphezulu, futhi ikhono le-anti-roll liqinile.Nokho, njengoba isivinini sezimoto zesimanje sikhula, izikhungo zokugingqika ngokweqile zingabangela izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni yamasondo nokwenyuka kwamasondo okuguga njengoba amasondo egxuma.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ujika ngokucijile, ukudluliselwa kwamandla aqondile phakathi kwamasondo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kukhulu kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-camber yamasondo angemuva.Ukuqina kokuzamula kwesondo langemuva kuyancipha, okuholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokukhukhuleka ngesivinini esikhulu.Ukumiswa okuzimele kwethambo elilodwa kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumiswa kwangemuva, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu, akuvamile ukusetshenziswa okwamanje.Ngokuya ngokuthi ubude be-fishbone engaphezulu nephansi iyalingana, ukumiswa okuzimele okuphindwe kabili kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ubude obulinganayo obuphindwe kabili be-wishbone nobude obungalingani be-double wishbone.Ukumiswa kungagcina i-engeli yokuthamba ye-kingpin ingashintshi, kodwa ububanzi bethrekhi buyashintsha kakhulu (bufana nohlobo olulodwa lwe- wishbone), okubangela ukuguga okubucayi kwesondo, ngakho akusavamile ukusetshenziswa manje.Ngokumiswa kwe-double-wishbone yobude obuhlukene, inqobo nje uma ubude be- wishbone engaphezulu nephansi bukhethwe kahle futhi bulungiswa, ngokuhlelwa okunengqondo, izinguquko zobubanzi bethrekhi kanye nemingcele yokuqondanisa isondo langaphambili kungaba ngaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo, ukuze qinisekisa ukuthi imoto isesimweni esihle.ukushayela ukuzinza.Njengamanje i-suspension ye-double-wishbone enobude obungalingani isisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambili nangemuva kwezimoto, kanti amasondo angemuva kwezinye izimoto zezemidlalo nezimoto zomjaho nawo asebenzisa lesi sakhiwo.
Ukumiswa okuzimele kwezixhumanisi eziningi
I-multi-link suspension iyi-suspension ehlanganisa (3-5) izinduku ezilawula izinguquko endaweni yamasondo.Uhlobo lwezixhumanisi eziningi lungenza isondo lijike lizungeze i-eksisi nge-engeli ethile nge-axis longitudinal yemoto, okuwukuvumelana phakathi kohlobo lwe-cross-arm kanye ne-axis longitudinal yemoto.Ukukhetha kahle i-engeli phakathi kwe-axis yengalo yokuguqula kanye ne-axis longitudinal yemoto kungathola izinzuzo zokumiswa kwengalo ephambanayo kanye nokumiswa kwengalo elandelanayo ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, futhi kungahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza ezihlukile.Okuhle kakhulu nge-multi-link suspension wukuthi ukushintsha kobubanzi be-track no-toe-in kuncane uma isondo lishaya ngamandla, futhi likwazi ukujika kahle ngokwenhloso yomshayeli noma ngabe imoto iyashayela noma ibhreka.Ububi bayo ukuthi i-ekseli yemoto inyakaza ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ukumiswa kwengalo elandelanayo
Ukumiswa okuzimele kwengalo elandelanayo kubhekisela esakhiweni sokulengiswa lapho amasondo eshwiba khona endizeni yobude bemoto, futhi ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwengalo eyodwa elandelanayo kanye nohlobo lwengalo elandelanayo kabili.I-engeli ye-caster ye-kingpin ishintsha kakhulu lapho isondo ligxuma liphezulu naphansi, ngakho-ke akukho ukumiswa kwengalo eyodwa elandelanayo okusetshenziswa esondweni.Izingalo ezimbili zokushwibeka ze-double-trailing-arm-arm ngokuvamile zenziwa zibe ubude obulinganayo ukuze zakhe isakhiwo esinemigqa emine ehambisanayo ukuze i-engeli ye-caster ye-kingpin ihlale ingashintshile njengoba amasondo egxuma phezulu naphansi.I-double trailing arm suspension isetshenziswa kakhulu esiteringini.
Ikhandlela lilenga
Isici sesakhiwo sokumiswa kwekhandlela ukuthi amasondo aya phezulu naphansi eduze kwe-eksisi ye-kingpin ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile kuhlaka.Inzuzo yokumiswa okumise okwekhandlela ukuthi lapho ukumiswa kukhubazekile, i-angle yokuma ye-kingpin ngeke ishintshe, futhi ithrekhi ne-wheelbase kuphela ezoshintsha kancane, ngakho-ke kuzuzisa kakhulu ekuzinzeni kokuqondisa nokushayela imoto.Kodwa-ke, ukumiswa kwekhandlela kunobubi obukhulu: amandla angemuva emoto azothwalwa umkhono we-kingpin kumkhono we-kingpin, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokumelana phakathi komkhono ne-kingpin kanye nokuguga okukhulu.Ukulenga amakhandlela akusasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
McPherson Suspension
Isondo le-suspension yakwaMcPherson nalo liyi-suspension eshibilika eduze kwe-kingpin, kodwa ihlukile kune-suspension yekhandlela ngoba i-kingpin yayo iyakwazi ukushwibeka.Ukumiswa kweMacPherson kuyinhlanganisela yengalo yokushwiba nokumiswa kwekhandlela.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokumiswa kwe-double-wishbone, izinzuzo ze-MacPherson suspension yilezi: isakhiwo esihlangene, ushintsho oluncane emingceleni yokuqondanisa kwamasondo angaphambili lapho amasondo egxuma, ukuqina kokuphatha, ukukhansela i- wishbone ephezulu, nokwenza lula ukuhlelwa kwe- injini nesistimu yokuqondisa ;Uma kuqhathaniswa nokumiswa kwekhandlela, amandla asemaceleni kukholamu yawo eslayidayo athuthukiswe kakhulu.I-McPherson suspension isetshenziswa kakhulu ukumiswa ngaphambili kwezimoto ezincane neziphakathi.Ukumiswa ngaphambili kwePorsche 911, i-Audi yasekhaya, iSantana, iXiali neFukang wukumiswa okuzimele kweMacPherson.Nakuba i-suspension yakwaMcPherson ingesona isakhiwo sobuchwepheshe obuyi-suspension, iseyi-suspension ehlala isikhathi eside ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo emgwaqeni.
Ukumiswa okusebenzayo
Ukumiswa okusebenzayo wukumiswa okusha okulawulwa ngekhompuyutha okuthuthukiswe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.Ihlanganisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lwemishini kanye ne-elekthronikhi, futhi iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Isibonelo, e-Santilla, e-Citroen, eFrance, lapho ukumiswa okusebenzayo kufakwe khona, isikhungo sesistimu yokumiswa yi-microcomputer.Idatha efana ne-amplitude ne-frequency, i-engeli yesiteringi nesivinini sokuqondisa idluliselwa kukhompyutha encane.Ikhompuyutha ithola le datha ngokuqhubekayo futhi iyiqhathanise nemikhawulo esethwe ngaphambilini ukuze ikhethe isimo sokumisa isikhashana esifanele.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-microcomputer ilawula ngokuzimela ama-actuator esondweni ngalinye, futhi ikhiqiza ukuxubha ngokulawula ukuguqulwa kokucindezela kwamafutha ku-shock absorber, ukuze ukunyakaza kokumiswa okuhlangabezana nezidingo kungenziwa kunoma yiliphi isondo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Ngakho-ke, imoto ye-Santiya ifakwe izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushayela.Uma nje umshayeli edonsa inkinobho ethi "Normal" noma "Sport" ephaneli yezinsimbi ezisizayo, imoto izomiswa ngokuzenzakalela ibe sesimeni esifanele sokumiswa ukuze isebenze ngokunethezeka.
Ukumiswa okusebenzayo kunomsebenzi wokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba.Lapho i-inertia yemoto ngesikhathi sokubhuleka noma i-corning ibangela ukuthi intwasahlobo ikhubazeke, ukumiswa okusebenzayo kuzokhiqiza amandla aphikisana namandla angenayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ushintsho esimweni somzimba.Isibonelo, emotweni yezemidlalo yaseJalimane i-Mercedes-Benz 2000 CL, lapho imoto iphenduka, inzwa yokumiswa izobona ngokushesha ukuthambekela nokusheshisa kwe-lateral komzimba wemoto.Ngokusekelwe olwazini lwenzwa, ikhompuyutha ibala ngokuqhathanisa nemingcele esethiwe bese inquma ngokushesha ukuthi izowubeka kuphi umthwalo ekumisweni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika komzimba.
I-Jinjiang Huibang Zhongtian Machinery Co., Ltd. yasungulwa ngo-1987. Ingumkhiqizi wesimanje obanzi ohlanganisa i-R&D, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye ze-chassis yezimoto.Amandla obuchwepheshe aqinile.Ngokuvumelana nemfundiso ethi "Ikhwalithi YokuQala, Idumela Kuqala, Ikhasimende Kuqala", sizoqhubeka nokuthuthukela ekukhetheni imikhiqizo ephezulu, ecwengisisiwe, yobungcweti nekhethekile, futhi sikhonze inqwaba yamakhasimende asekhaya nawakwamanye amazwe ngenhliziyo yonke!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-23-2023